Major Theoretical Perspectives Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Major Theoretical Perspectives - Assignment Example The main question which is put forward by functionalist sociologists is that how is a society kept close together at all times and how is its order maintained? To begin with functionalists concentrate upon two ideas that are closely related to their idea of how societies are held together. Firstly, how is order maintained in our society, and secondly, what are the major reasons behind the stability which exists in our society. Functionalists do not focus upon the differences found in different parts of the society. They in fact focus on how the shared norms, values and mores help create social solidarity and cohesion. (Browne, 2006) The ideas of functionalists are based on the concept of organic analogy. These ideas were initially discussed by patron sociologists like Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim. They explained that the society was like a human body. If there was pain in one part of the body it will affect the functioning of the whole society. Therefore, it was necessary for the society to be in equilibrium. Durkheim ("The Rules of Sociological Method", 1895) emphasizes on two concepts. The first concept is of social solidarity. Solidarity is based upon such things as common culture, socialization, basic values and norms. It is these common ideas which bring about social cohesion in the society thereby, giving it the form of a human body. The second concept is that of collective conscience - the "external expression" of the collective will of people living in a society. This represents the social forces that help bind people together (to integrate them into the collective behavior that is society). It can be likened to the "will" of society. The most popular functionalist of America, Talcott Parsons (1951), focused on the behavior of the people while under the influence of social institutions. For Parsons, the key to the survival of the society was the shared norms and values held by its individual members. Deviation from those norms leads to

Macbeth Essay Example for Free

Macbeth Essay The play Macbeth was written in the start of the 1600s by William Shakespeare, if you ever get a chance to read this play in both script and graphic novel you will discover that there are many signs of imagery and symbolism. Some of the many examples have been shown in nature with trees and birds acting as something’s are going on in the back, some in the way that the people, kings, and nobles dress in the play and also some in the way that blood is used throughout the play. As Lady Macbeth and Macbeth make plans to kill King Duncan so that Macbeth can become king as what the witches’ prophecy states, they know Banquo was there talking to the witches with Macbeth. The first example shows how the weather and nature acts when Macbeth and Lady Macbeth do a dirty deed. So when the king was murdered the animals in the Kings castle went ‘haywire’ as Ross says, â€Å"and Duncan’s horses, a thing most strange / Beauteous and swift, the minors of their race, / turn’d wild in nature, broke their stalls, flung out, / Contending ’gainst obedience as they would.† (Ross, 2.4.14) This would show that a person has done something that they should not and obstructed the circle of life; in this case, â€Å"†¦Macbeth does murder sleep†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Macbeth, 2.2.395); in other words Macbeth killed Duncan to take his position. There is also many other parts where nature acts as events happen for example when Malcolm and his army from England proceed marching to Dunsinane to confront Macbeth. Because at this point the weather appears to be dark and scary like someone is going to die. The second example is clothing; this distinguishes them from good and evil. For example light clothes are worn when the character wearing them is in a good and positive role and dark clothes are worn when the character wearing them is in a bad and evil role. Relating to Macbeth, this shows him as well as Lady Macbeth changing from noble and loyal to the king to trying to take him over. At the start Macbeth shows to be wearing purple and other loyal colors in the graphic novel but towards the end he had turned to a tyrant and started wearing red symbolizing blood and dark clothes. But also clothing is used to represent people and used to tell how good or bad a person is for example when Macbeth hears that he has been given the position of the Thane of Cawdor, he asks Angus why he is being dressed in borrowed robes (1.3.7) because he knows that the Thane of Cawdor still lives. Blood shows to play a huge part in Macbeth: Macbeth is a warrior at start and towards the end but then towards the middle he shows his ambition and turned to kill anyone in his way, in this case King Duncan and Banquo and Macduff’s Family. Make thick my blood,/ Stop up/ th access and passage of nature/ Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between/ Th effect and it! (Lady Macbeth, 1.5), this shows that lady Macbeth is talking to and telling spirits to make her blood thick and make her stronger so that they can commit a crime. Also that blood can symbolize who they are and what they do. Macbeth also says it will have blood, they / say: blood will have blood. / Stones have been known to move and trees to speak (Macbeth, 3.6). Blood plays a big part in Macbeth because Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have been playing with the scale of life and disrupting it with blood and murder. Showing blood, nature and clothing in the play can make symbolism and imagery in the play better. Blood is used in most of Shakespeare plays. The nature used in these plays is called pathetic fallacy and this is another factor embedded in most Shakespeare plays. In Macbeth he is a warrior but a tyrant trying to take over the king. Clothing can play a role to describe what kind or how a person is. At conclusion Macbeth shows symbolism and imagery to describe many aspects of the play and it does help the reader or the audience get a better perspective and in-depth view of the characters and how they behave.

Evacuation in Britainin During World War Two :: WWII World War 2 Essays

Evacuation in Britainin During World War Two Towards the end of 1939 most British people found that it was very hard to stop Hitler and they decided to use force because they thought that this could only stop him. Britain and France declared war on Germany on the 3rd September 1939, before this Germany had invaded Poland, which the British promised to protect. The British army sailed across the English Channel to join our ally France. Back home, the civilians of the British Isles prepared for a war which they knew was going to affect them directly. World war one had ended 21 years before, and many people remembered gas attacks, bombings from the air, rationing of food supplies and fear of enemy invasion. The word "Evacuation "means that when Britain wanted to move all the children from the dangerous areas to a safer area which was outside the country and they would be safe from peril or hazard. Before world war two children were moved from the dangerous area that was close for the enemy to be bombing. At this time factories and industries were making equipment for war. Britain expected towns and cities to be bombed examples (London, Birmingham and Portsmouth). The idea was that evacuees would be in a safer place and stay with the local families. Many people were still worried about the First World War because of gas attacks, rationing, fear of enemy invasion and the bombings. This situation was no forgotten and people thought that the same thing would happen again. Since the war technology had advanced aircraft and tanks had been of limited use in the First World War. Civilian populations were even more affected by advances in bombing technology, evacuation, occupation, and shortages. Germany, Britain and the Americans war-planners had thought that the cities would be bombed very terrible and a lot of damage would be caused. Hitler even said "Mein kampf". Hitler had used this before world war two when he helped hi friend General Franco, the dictator of Spain.

Humanities nature vs nurture Essay

Some people believe nature is more influential. Got example in the case of the Jim twins. They were separated at birth and around 30 years later they discovered each. It showed that throughout the years they had not known each they had made a lot of similar decisions. Their kids had the same name, the same car and wives were the same. This proves that your genetics play a vital part into the choices you make as you go older. On the other hand some people nurture plays more of a part in the way we act as we grow older. For example Kamala and Amala. These were children who were brought up my wolves. Whether our inborn characteristics are more responsible in our resultant personality or any experiences we will make, has been the topic of discussion among scientists under the title of â€Å"Nature vs Nurture† for years. Biologists believe that the only factor behind individual’s personality is his genome. In contrast, socio-biologists argue that the environment and experiences that one gains during his life, build his personality. I am inclined to believe that the traits we are born with are more responsible genetically in building human’s personality. Some cases of children who were left in the wilderness and raised with wild animals indicate the significance of mothering–nurturing. When those isolated children were found, they were unable to speak language, even a word, and their behaviors were not unlike animals’. If they were born with a special ‘innate’ ability which enables, nativists believe, children to magically acquire everything from language to social manner at ease, why not these wild children failed to acquire the custom of human society? One tragic experiment conducted by a German king proves that one’s language, one type of the intelligence, is not naturally acquired, but learned after years of exposure. The King hoped to find out what language a child would speak if not being told any language after birth. The result was disastrous: All infants who were the subject of this experiment died before the first year, not acquiring any language at all. If human being’s intelligence were really genetically determined, all cases mentioned above would never happen. With the innate property which they are given from birth, they should’ve been able to have proper behavior and speak language without any external help. Unfortunately, that is not true. After a few years of a good mothering, human beings become independent and mature, so their intelligence does. Therefore, ‘nurture’ is a more significant factor in human’s intelligence.

Reaction to Hills Like White Elephants

Throughout this school year, we analyzed and discussed several awesome poems, novels and stories. One that I particularly liked would have to be â€Å"Hill Like White Elephants† by Ernest Hemingway. The first thing about it that caught my attention would have to be its title, â€Å"Hills like White Elephants'. To be honest, I really thought that it'll be about some elephants in Africa or something but I was wrong. There were no elephants! The story is about an American man and woman having some beers as they wait for the train to Barcelona. So, just through the title, I guess you could say that this is an ambiguous text. To decipher it, you need to read it again and again! The text of Hemingway appears to be simple but then again his works are ambiguous, so his text may be further from the truth. The story makes use of sparse dialogue some even say that the way Hemingway's characters speak is sometimes more important than what they say so when reading his text you really have to take in the dialogue and decode it. At first, when I just went through the story, I really didn't get what the couple were talking about and then after several readings I found out that it was about abortion. It's really beautiful how Hemingway could subtly bring about a message without even having it written directly. The powerful writing of Hemingway definitely has made a huge impact in me. Aside from me discovering a beautiful story, I learned not to take everything too literally and to have patience in order to understand.

Aspect of Life essays

Aspect of Life essays Throughout life people make numerous decision upon life, some of which are less important as others. One of the main decisions I took was that in which I had decided to leave my old life in China and come to Australia. After all, I always wanted to explore the world. Now after spending half of my life here, I would like to bid farewell to a few of favorable memories of home. Goodbye to the little girl that played with me when I was in kinder garden who helped me get through my first day away from mum. Goodbye to the teachers who carried me in her chest when I cry in tears every morning seeing my mum go to work without me. Goodbye to my primary friends who played table tennis together and winning the championships, I am sure you are all doing great in high school and that you havent stopped playing table tennis. Goodbye to my family who gave me all the support when my dad was overseas. Helping me with the first three years of schooling. I hope I will come back home someday and see you all again. Goodbye to my mum who loved me and looked after me with my every step in life. Thank you for taking me to the dentist when my tooth was aching at the middle of the night. Thank you for picking my up after receiving six stitches under my chin during school sports. I wish you were here now, by my side. Finally I would like to say goodbye to my step mum, but I cannot, as she is now living with dad and I. ...

Riordan Manufacturing Production Plan

Riordan Manufacturing Production Plan Free Online Research Papers Riordan Manufacturing’s China plant produces electric fans for distribution worldwide. The plan operates as a decentralized unit of Riordan Manufacturing. The materials required for production are produced locally. The primary materials used in the production of the fans consist of electric motors and plastic polymers. The plastic components for the fan are injection molded on site at Riordan Manufacturing in China. Fans are made to stock in anticipation of forecasted sales. Customers provide an anticipated purchase quantity of fans for the year. The sales for fans are forecast based on previous years’ sales. These forecasts drive production planning. This creates inefficiency in the production planning process. The China plant also designs and develops custom fan products for worldwide customers. Although Riordan Manufacturing has an estimate from customers for yearly requirements of custom fans, the orders are received randomly throughout the year. Custom fan orders are not included in the forecasts. Data required for planning is located in two different places and are not integrated. The material needs in the forecast are incomplete, requiring a manual effort to track requirements for custom fan orders. Riordan could benefit from streamlining material and production processes to reduce costs and cycle time in delivering product to customers. Custom Orders The Random spacing of orders for custom fans with varying quantities make it difficult for Riordan to estimate material requirements in the short term. The custom fans are designed and developed under an individual contract with the customer. A separate contract vehicle is used for a small pilot production run to validate the design of the fan and the production process. A separate contract is required since the cost of the production fan is unknown until the fan is developed. The development process and transition to production can be improved. The pilot production program can incorporated into the development process by building prototypes during development. Since Riordan has developed custom fans in the past, the information from the past projects can used to estimate the costs adequately. Alternatively, the contract vehicle could be converted to a cost type contract. The production process for custom fans requires multiple set-ups during the year and creates material ordering challenges. Riordan should conduct trade study and consider implementing an alternate process. The alternate process would be to produce the estimated number of custom fans for a customer in one or two production runs. These production runs will be entered into the production forecast to eliminate the difficulty with estimating material requirements. The first production run should immediately follow the pilot production run when the design and build process have been validated. Since the customer estimates are annual, producing a six month inventory of fans would be low risk. Riordan can negotiate with customers for storage cost sharing. The increased efficiency and elimination of material planning issues will more than cover the cost of storage. Supplier Management Riordan Manufacturing’s supplier for electric motors has an on time delivery of 93%. Delays in material receiving create bottle necks in production. Riordan should work with the supplier to improve the delivery schedule by providing accurate forecasts. Alternatively, a second source of supply should be identified to assure electric motors are received on time for production. The polymer supplier has not had any issues in meeting delivery requirements. Riordan should consider discontinuing the safety supply of polymers. Since supply is not an issue, the stockpiling adds costs that are easily avoidable. Material Receiving Riordan material receiving process now is that trucking company delivers the material to the dock. The supervisor compares the shipping document against scheduled incoming orders. Team unloads the materials and delivers to the factory. At the end of the day, the receiving supervisor gives the log to the receiving clerk. The Clerk data into the inventory control system. The ordering system is not tied to inventory control. Bottle Necks The receiving supervisor performs a manual verification process. The truck driver and loading crew are waiting for the verification. Any discrepancies found must be resolved before the material is unloaded and stocked. Material can not be stocked until the manual verification is complete, creating a potential bottleneck in the process. The second potential bottleneck is the receiving clerk. Although material is physically in the stockroom, the inventory control system does not reflect the new material until the data is manually entered into the system. Since this occurs at the end of the day, the material inventory will not show in the system until the following day. The receiving clerk is a single point failure that could bring the process to a stop. The bottle neck could occur from the manufacture of the Riordan raw material, such as not getting their product to supply the part that is needed to deliver to Riordan. New Receiving Process Riordan should look into changing the process of receiving their material from manual to computer based process. Riordan could incorporate a barcode receiving data collection process. There are devices that will support bar code reading, this applications will use the latest Microsoft handheld computer operating systems. By incorporating the barcode system this will provide the company with real-time processing, this will improve the inventory accuracy. The barcode system will improve on the ability to process the incoming data immediate for both receiving and shipping. This process will also provide seamless tracking and instant visibility of inventory and reduced paperwork. Imposing the bar code on the material supplier will benefit both the supplier’s process and the new process at Riordan Manufacturing. Manufacturing with Inventory The manufacturing inventory is done manually at the end of each day. The manufacturing team submits a form to the inventory clerk with completed product data and raw material consumption. The data is entered into the inventory for assemblies and sub-assemblies. The bar coding of raw material could easily be extended to include sub-assemblies and completed products. Scanning the data into the inventory system would automate the process and provide real time work in process status. The manual forms completed by manufacturing and data entry by inventory clerk are eliminated. Cost savings realized from the revised process will easily provide a return on investment for the bar code system. Final Product Shipping The sales department completes enters customer orders into the shipping and billing system. Orders are filled and the shipping data is entered into the shipping and billing system. Copies of the orders shipped are sent to a clerk to be manually entered into the inventory system for update of completed stock. A physical inventory is conducted annual to reconcile quantities of raw material, sub-assemblies and finished product. Again, there are multiple independent systems that do not communicate and numerous manual entries on forms and data entry into the inventory control system. The bar code system described for the material receiving and manufacturing inventory could readily be implemented in final product shipping. The bar codes will allow for automatic data entry as orders are processed. The number of opportunities for error is significantly decreased. The need for the annual physical inventory may be eliminated, or the reconciliation scope significantly reduced. Research Papers on Riordan Manufacturing Production PlanBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Project Managment Office SystemTwilight of the UAWOpen Architechture a white paperIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalGenetic EngineeringDefinition of Export QuotasNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

At The Age That

At The Age That At The Age That At The Age That By Maeve Maddox A reader has a question about a â€Å"cute little sign† she bought: Something just isn’t right. Here’s the wording: â€Å"I am at the age that makeup is no longer optional.†    I want to replace â€Å"the age† with â€Å"that age† and change â€Å"that makeup† to â€Å"when makeup.† Any insights or suggestions? The difference between â€Å"the age† and â€Å"that age† is a matter of style, but when is the better grammatical choice than that. Both that and when can function as conjunctions, but when that is used as a conjunction, it usually introduces a noun clause: He believes that he can do no wrong. She believes that makeup is mandatory after a certain age. When is the usual choice to introduce an adverbial clause after words like age, day, and time. It’s the equivalent of the phrase â€Å"at which† or, in the case of day, â€Å"upon which†: A new study has revealed 37 to be  the age when  men are happiest. I look forward to the day when all children have an equal opportunity to access food and water that contributes to their health and well-being. Most people were at home and this was  the time when  the fewest trains were running. When that follows the words age, day, and time, it’s being used as a relative pronoun and serves as a subject or object in the clause it introduces: The right to retire with financial security  at the age that  has been promised throughout our working lives has been denied. (That stands for age and is the subject of â€Å"has been promised.†) Avondale students remember ‘a day that changed our country forever’ (That stands for day and is the subject of â€Å"changed.†) All we have to decide is what to do with  the time that  is given us. (That stands for time and is the subject of â€Å"is given†) The better wording for the reader’s sign is â€Å"I am at the age when makeup is no longer optional.† But she has hung the sign in her bathroom- an informal context, surely. I just wouldn’t give one like it as a present to an English teacher. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Types and Forms of Humor15 Words for Household Rooms, and Their Synonyms40 Synonyms for Praise

Helicobacter pylori in gastrointestinal disorders Essay

Helicobacter pylori in gastrointestinal disorders - Essay Example pylori is the production of urease (Graham & Sung, 2006). H.pylori infection is typically acquired in childhood, and affects children by the age of 10-years in developing countries (Graham & Sung, 2006). In developed countries, an age-related increase in prevalence of the disease is seen (Graham & Sung, 2006). Humans are the primary reservoir of infection and the primary mode of transmission is person to person (Graham & Sung, 2006). Oral-to-oral transmission is supported by the finding of H. pylori in dental plaque and saliva by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) while fecal-to-oral transmission is supported by the finding of H. pylori in stool by culture and PCR (Graham & Sung, 2006). Gastro-oral transmission is also possible but more evidence is needed (Graham & Sung, 2006). The ability of H. pylori to colonize and damage gastric mucosal cells is determined by the immune gene polymorphisms of the host and the gastric acid secretion (Kusters, van Vliet, Kuipers, 2006). In addition, bacterial virulence factors like the cytotoxin-associated gene pathogenicity island-encoded protein (CagA) and the vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) help in the colonization (Kusters, van Vliet, Kuipers, 2006) and also triggers the host inflammatory response by activating the nuclear factor kappaB-dependent gene transcription (Zarrilli, Ricci, Romano, 1999). â€Å"Urease and/or motility of the bacterium, presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and various bacterial enzymes† are also known to affect the colonization (Lee, 2005.) The healing of the gastric mucosa is also impaired â€Å"through inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent signal transduction pathways and induction of apoptosis† (Zarrilli, Ricci, Romano, 1999). H. pylori infection also may lead to the progression from chronic gastritis to gastric adenocarcinoma (Zarrilli, Ricci, Romano, 1999). The â€Å"cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI), which encodes the type IV secretion

Two questions related to Public Budget and Finance Essay

Two questions related to Public Budget and Finance - Essay Example Public budgeting is targeted towards the wellness of citizens. A little wrong prioritization, misallocation of resources, and financial negligence in this process can pose certain challenges for the government regarding implementation of public wellness programs and other public policies. Public budgeting holds a critical place in decision making processes because it is directly associated with the well-being of citizens. It is one of the main responsibilities of any government to allocate resources among competing public sector needs in such a way that none of the sectors faces shortage of funds in any particular stage. Public budgeting includes analysis of the needs of all public sectors and allocation of financial resources in accordance with the analysis report. It is obvious that if one program is overfunded, some other public service program will definitely bear the costs. It is the job the government to decide which sector should be given more space in the public budget and wh ich sector should be at stake. Given the nature of the public budgeting process, governments usually encounter difficulty in making decisions regarding starting of new programs and eliminating existing programs. They have to decide on these issue based on financial analysis of the current economic position of the country. In America, it is the responsibility of executives, legislators, as well as judiciary to maintain a check and balance on the public budgeting process. In the Federal government system, the congress enacts the budgets, whereas the president is held responsible for providing the guidelines for the preparation and submission of the budget. Public budgeting provides government officials the information about current financial position of the economy by detailing the capital in hand, as well as predicted future expenditures related to current and ongoing business processes. Proper financial analysis also helps governments cut off the extra costs and utilize the availabl e capital for other public service activities. Governments need to plan business and public wellness activities according to their financial budgets. If a government does not pay attention towards managing financial activities, problems can occur which may delay the planned activities (Lynch, 1991). Therefore, from public budgeting perspective, it is imperative to develop a perfect budget plan that should help the government in achieving the desired goals and objectives while maintaining the financial equilibrium. Having discussed the public budgeting system in detail, let us also talk about information, justification, and examination that play an important role in the development of a public budget. Budgeting is primarily based on information. Budgeting systems are all about gathering reliable and accurate information of both technical and political nature and using that information in making resource allocation decisions. Justification refers to process of deciding whether a publi c service program should be funded or not based on proper justifications. Examination, on the other hand, is all about analyzing the way organization’s resources have been used in the past and developing a course of action for future programs. Answer No. 2 Budget Process As Morgan (2006) states, â€Å"the success of a business depends on the capital budgeting decisions taken by the management† (p. 1). Budgets are prepared to set and accomplish organizational goals and objectives. These budgets help the organizations in preparing a

What is the effect of e-commerce on auditing Essay

What is the effect of e-commerce on auditing - Essay Example This development will impact all business disciplines. Therefore, auditors too will have to deal with the consequences that e-commerce will have on the auditing process. E-commerce can be defined as: "The use of electronic transmission mediums (telecommunications) to engage in the exchange, including buying and selling, of products and services requiring transportation, either physically or digitally, from location to location" (Greenstein & Feinman, 2000). One example of a company that is only working in an e-commerce environment is Amazon. This well-known company has become very successful with selling products like books and DVD's on Internet. However, soon this site became so popular that they expanded their product range to suit their customers. In addition to books and CD's also video games, software and electronics are being offered by this retailer online. The reason for this success of e-commerce businesses is dependent on their customers. Shopping online has been so convenient for a lot of people. One reason for this is that almost everyone is familiar with Internet nowadays. This is also true for companies. It has become very popular to use Internet, either at home or at work. This medium has made it very easy to access all kind of information online. This is called the move towards an Internet-based society (Turban, Lee, King, and Chung, 2000). This move has been triggered by technological developments. The explosive growth in information technology (IT) capabilities and the desire of businesses of all sizes to obtain competitive advantage have led to a dramatic increase in the use of IT systems to originate, process, store and communicate information (Tucker, 2001). In fact, Tucker (2001) mentions the importance of IT as follows: "there are few companies that don't rely on IT to achieve their auditing and accounting, operating and compliance objectives". Turban, Lee, King, and Chung (2000) mention the importance of technological changes in our society. For example, organizations changed their way of doing business and most consumers changed their process of buying. Chesher, Kaura, and Linton (2003) assign this development to new ways of processing information. In their view, new ways of processing information have made it possible for many businesses to expand and to exchange information in a more efficient manner. In order to keep up with competition, organizations have to rely on new forms of information technology. The use of new forms of information technology is expected to impact the auditing process within organizations. Therefore, Tucker (2001) mentions that it is rare to find an entity whose IT use does not also affect its independent audit. These technological changes also change the way that people work. Chesher, Kaura, and Linton (2003) also emphasize the impact of e-commerce on people. For example, if we compare employees of older generations with employees of today, we can see a different profile. Today, most employees that are working within an organization start their working day with checking their email. In this way, they can receive all the information easily and quickly. This activity has become a daily normal routine activity for most people given that Internet has changed the way of

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Essay Example Some scholars have argued that this legislative framework is too intrusive, that corporate fraud ought to be managed through market mechanisms rather than intrusive governmental agencies, and that the Act is more political than helpful (Ribstein, 2005). Other scholars concede the intrusive effects of the Act, but argue instead that the main policy objectives, such as curtailing corporate fraud and improving transparency, are enhanced by the Act (Cunningham, 2003). This essay will argue that, given the nature and the scale of the scandals that have occurred in the absence of such legislation, corporations ought to be compelled to comply with the Act; in order to more fully develop this thesis, this essay will present the type of abuse which led to the legislation, an overview of the main provisions of the Act, and an analysis of the conflicting opinions regarding the efficacy of the Act. In the Enron case, a major employer that was deemed financially stable and a model of sound business practices collapsed suddenly and dramatically. This was a company with billions in annual revenues, well-respected by a broad spectrum of the public, and politically well-connected. Its collapse was subsequently described as the result of deliberate and conscious decisions, by both Enron's management and by its outside accounting firm, to engage in accounting fraud (Fox, 2003). In short, corporate liabilities were understated or hidden and corporate assets were inflated or misrepresented. The public had been lied to, the investors had been lied to, and a great many people were injured when the company was finally forced into bankruptcy. A similar case involved WorldCom, at one time the second most significant long-distance telephone service provider in the United States, which engaged in fraudulent accounting practices in order to misrepresent its true financial condition to banks, c reditors, and other investors (Jeter, 2003). This didn't merely involve creative accounting; quite the contrary, WorldCom entered fictional transactions into its accounting records. When the weakened financial structure could no longer be hidden, the company filed for one of the largest bankruptcy cases in America history. In the final analysis, both of these cases illustrate the types of problems that the Act was designed to minimize. 1.2 An Overview of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 As a preliminary matter, the most significant feature of the Act was its creation of a governmental agency to oversee corporate accounting and financial practices. This agency is now known as the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. The focus is on publicly traded companies, rather than privately held forms of business organization, and the scope of the agency's power is broad. It is vested with rulemaking authority, with disciplinary powers, and with enforcement authority. In short, this agency is possessed of the same powers as the United States government-legislative, judicial, and executive-with respect to the accounting practices of public companies. Thus, it can be argued that the legislation has created a private government for public companies. An examination of the particular provisions of the Act further demonstrates the

Should the potential benefits of financial system innovation deter Essay

Should the potential benefits of financial system innovation deter regulators from imposing restrictions on the activities of fi - Essay Example Firstly, it spurs economic growth by facilitating the easy flow of funds from the agents who have less or limited productive projects to agents with higher productive avenues. Secondly, the level of risk taken by an investor is reduced on account of a broader availability of assets resulting in greater diversification benefits and risk sharing. However, the above views have come under tremendous criticism with the predication that financial innovation reduces the risk exposure of the investors. The financial innovation was essentially introduced from a positive perspective but it has been seen that these innovations had a negative impact on the overall economy. Though the main purpose of this innovation was to aid the growing external debt market in U.S., it is now blamed to be the pivotal cause of the recent credit turmoil. To avoid such recurrences in the future, the regulatory bodies need to exercise a greater control over the financial markets. (Piazza, â€Å"Financial Innovatio n and Risk, The Role of Information†). Financial innovation: bane or boon Innovation is a ‘double-edged sword’. ... This blend of good and bad means the views on financial innovation is likely to be very subjective. As in the case of automobile inventions, while some view it as a gain for the economy and society; there are others, though very few in number, who believe that pollution and accidental deaths arising from this invention outweigh the societal and economic benefits. According to analysts, ‘financial innovation’ caused the recent financial crisis with the extent of culpability ranging from secondary to extreme. According to some, financial innovation has led to some very effective inventions such as the ATM machine whereas the other financial inventions like Structured Investment Vehicles (SIV’s) are a bane. The list of positive innovations includes Automated Teller Machine (ATM), debit cards, money market funds, exchanged traded funds, indexed mutual funds, currency and interest rate swaps (The Brookings Institution, â€Å"The Pros and Cons of Financial Innovationâ € ). The use of debit cards has enhanced the attractiveness of accounts as people no longer have to stand in queues to withdraw money. The introduction of financial swaps has empowered the businesses to hedge against any unforeseen circumstances. So, if a business with a huge export base is wary of depreciation of the receivables then it can take a suitable position in the currency swap. By this way, the value of its receivables remains intact. Similarly, a prospective borrower afraid of rise in interest rates, can buy forward rate agreements (FRAs) that will safeguard his position in the event of any unfavorable movement in interest rates. Financial innovation has empowered the domestic companies to raise the necessary funds or invest surpluses in the foreign capital markets.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Essay Example Some scholars have argued that this legislative framework is too intrusive, that corporate fraud ought to be managed through market mechanisms rather than intrusive governmental agencies, and that the Act is more political than helpful (Ribstein, 2005). Other scholars concede the intrusive effects of the Act, but argue instead that the main policy objectives, such as curtailing corporate fraud and improving transparency, are enhanced by the Act (Cunningham, 2003). This essay will argue that, given the nature and the scale of the scandals that have occurred in the absence of such legislation, corporations ought to be compelled to comply with the Act; in order to more fully develop this thesis, this essay will present the type of abuse which led to the legislation, an overview of the main provisions of the Act, and an analysis of the conflicting opinions regarding the efficacy of the Act. In the Enron case, a major employer that was deemed financially stable and a model of sound business practices collapsed suddenly and dramatically. This was a company with billions in annual revenues, well-respected by a broad spectrum of the public, and politically well-connected. Its collapse was subsequently described as the result of deliberate and conscious decisions, by both Enron's management and by its outside accounting firm, to engage in accounting fraud (Fox, 2003). In short, corporate liabilities were understated or hidden and corporate assets were inflated or misrepresented. The public had been lied to, the investors had been lied to, and a great many people were injured when the company was finally forced into bankruptcy. A similar case involved WorldCom, at one time the second most significant long-distance telephone service provider in the United States, which engaged in fraudulent accounting practices in order to misrepresent its true financial condition to banks, c reditors, and other investors (Jeter, 2003). This didn't merely involve creative accounting; quite the contrary, WorldCom entered fictional transactions into its accounting records. When the weakened financial structure could no longer be hidden, the company filed for one of the largest bankruptcy cases in America history. In the final analysis, both of these cases illustrate the types of problems that the Act was designed to minimize. 1.2 An Overview of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 As a preliminary matter, the most significant feature of the Act was its creation of a governmental agency to oversee corporate accounting and financial practices. This agency is now known as the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. The focus is on publicly traded companies, rather than privately held forms of business organization, and the scope of the agency's power is broad. It is vested with rulemaking authority, with disciplinary powers, and with enforcement authority. In short, this agency is possessed of the same powers as the United States government-legislative, judicial, and executive-with respect to the accounting practices of public companies. Thus, it can be argued that the legislation has created a private government for public companies. An examination of the particular provisions of the Act further demonstrates the

Advertisements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advertisements - Essay Example Competition always threatens to reduce the amount of sales recorded by each product.Because of this,manufactures of various products or providers of various services are forced to engage in regular advertisements These adverts are meant to capture the attention of consumers and provoke them to purchase a certain product or use it. Advertising involves the repetition of the name or image of a product with the aim of associating it with particular qualities with the brand in the minds of the consumers. The â€Å"holidays are coming† is a Coca Cola advertisement which features a train composed of red delivery trucks bearing the Coca Cola name are beautified with Christmas lights (Coca Cola video). The train drives along a snowy landscape and as it passes, it causes everything on its path to light up and people at the sides watch as delivery lorries pass by. This advert uses holiday campaigns and excitement as its advertising strategies. This advert made people to be aware that th e celebration season is back once again and this goes hand in hand with drinking. This motivates consumers to start treating themselves with Coca Cola drinks. It also reminds them to purchase or save money for buying coca-cola drinks for Christmas celebrations. The Coca Cola Company had stopped using the train advert in 2001. However, it was brought back in 2007 because many consumers called the company’s information center saying that they considered the advert as a mark of the beginning of Christmas. Another advert advertising Coca Cola was a billboard with a big bottle that had seemingly bubbled out a group of fun making and cheerful people. The background of the space containing the fun-making people is very bright. The slogan for this advert is â€Å"Live on the coke side of life† and uses excitement as its strategy (Coca-Cola-Art par 1). The â€Å"Live on the coke side of life† advert calls for people to live on the positive side of life (Coca-Cola-Art par 1). The advert makes people to think that drinking coca cola will make them to be happy. It helps them to reflect their optimist moments of their lives (Coca-Cola-Art par 2). The campaign invites consumers to live life full of color, create their own positive reality, listen to their hearts and be spontaneous. The use of people who are happy and making fun presents coca-cola not only as a drink that refreshes and makes one exited but also, it energizes them and gives them the strength to move with vigor. Another Coca-Cola advert is â€Å"Always Coca-Cola† previously featuring on TV. The main marketing strategy used in this advert is brand positioning. This adverts used good sounds and music, and a large mixture of pictures of people enjoying Coca Cola. Each picture in the advert had its own slogan. The welcoming picture was a cute lady smiling at the audience and its slogan was â€Å"have a Coca Cola†. The second is that of two men feeling so refreshed and its slogan was â€Å"it sends thirst flying† and the third slogan was â€Å"thirst asks nothing more†. The fourth slogan was â€Å"delicious and refreshing† followed by â€Å"so refreshing so welcome, everywhere† and the final is â€Å"what I want is Coke† and its picture featured a cure lady reaching out for a bottle of coke. All throughout the advert, there was a nice Coca Cola song that repetitively used the words â€Å"always Coca Cola.† The use of sounds and music helps to achieve effective marketing in that it makes people feel good to be associated with the product being advertised. The mixture good music and pictures creates in the consumers an emotional ambience that draws them to the marketing campaign and makes them feel good to have the product. The slogans â€Å"it sends thirst flying† and â€Å"thirst asks nothing more† makes consumers to perceive Coca Cola as the best solution to thirst and this will always prompt them to g et themselves of a bottle or can of Coca Cola whenever they are thirsty. In this way, the position of the brand in the soft

Oral or written argument Essay Example for Free

Oral or written argument Essay Given that the ideas can not be truly and completely explained by words, one have to recognize that every oral or written argument ever told or explained is inherently subjective. Therefore, every fact described by a human is an opinion, and every opinion is somehow a fact. Thusly, every word should be considered from two points of view: from the point of view of fact and from the point of view of opinion. This relates to the testimony before the court as well. Every judge should realize, that even the most honest person can interpret the facts wrongfully or simply mistake. Moreover, even the judge himself is not free from subjectivity, although the level of objectivity is one of the key factors determining his or her professionalism. Therefore, upon examination of the testimony, a judge has to consider it as one fact and witnesses probable level of subjectivity as another fact. At that it would be useful to classify the questions put before a witness during examination into two groups. Some of the questions are questions of fact (whats happened? ), other questions are questions of opinion (do you think that? ). For sure, the second kind of questions includes a greater extent of subjectivity, although the first kind can not be recognized completely objective as well. In order to find out the truth, all the testimonies have to be reviewed in combination. Neither of the testimonies can be absolutely true and accurate. Only consideration of the testimonies and other proofs in the case would allow a judge to create a more or less straight story of the case. Question 2 As a judge, I have to answer several questions in order to determine whether a person with multiple personality disorder should witness or not. Firstly, I have to find out whether a person can witness at all. In order to do that I would call the experts to examine that personss mental condition and his or her state at the moment. In case the experts recognize, that the person is principally able to provide a valid testimony, I would further doubt his or her possible words and ask myself a second question: how critical the persons testimony is for the case and how can it influence my view of the case. My decision can not be bases solely on the testimony of mentally infringed individual, yet his or her testimony may be usefull for clarification of some circumstances. I would rather rely on such witness to determine the facts, than in case I needed his or her opinion. In case I came to a conclusion, that I still need this witness, I would properly examine him or her in the presence of the experts who would observe the individuals behavior during examination and inform me of possible deviations. Having completed the examination, I would consider how much do the words of the witness conform with other testimonies and proofs in the case. In case I would find no logical controversions, I would consider the words of such witness as a valid testimony. Yet I would keep in mind, that this testimony is provided by a doubdtful witness and critically evaluate this testimony. Works Cited: http://www. boogieonline. com/seeking/know/meaning. html

The Anti Social Behaviour Orders Criminology Essay

The Anti Social Behaviour Orders Criminology Essay For many years the law enforcement agencies have been criticised for using ineffective methods when dealing with badly behaved youth. These criticisms have led the Tony Blair government to take an action on the issue, and as a result the Anti-Social Behaviour Orders were introduced. The Anti-Social Behaviour Orders were originally introduced by the Crime and Disorders Act in 1998( Walklate 2007). Later on the Anti-Social Behaviour Orders were supported even further by the Anti-Social Behaviour Act which was passed in 2003 (Knepper, Doak., Shapland 2009) . Anti-Social Behaviour Orders can be explained as a concurrence between the police and the young person who have committed an offence which can be classified as anti-social behaviour. Any behaviour that causes a nuisance or disturbance to the people living in and around a surrounding area can be categorized as anti-social behaviour. Specific examples of anti-social behaviour include offences such as; graffiti, vandalism and causing e xcessive noise(McEvoy, Newburn2003). The Anti-Social Behaviour Orders punish the individual who has behaved anti-socially by restricting their behaviour in one form or another. For example an Anti-Social Behaviour Order can prohibit an individual who has behaved anti-socially from returning to a certain area or shop. Therefore it can be stated that these orders are issued hoping that it will prohibit the individual in receipt of the Anti-Social Behaviour Order from committing further anti-social behaviour offences by restricting their behaviours. Anti-Social Behaviour Orders are issued by the magistrates court.( ) The burden of proof for an Anti-Social Behaviour Order to be issued should be beyond reasonable doubt. This means that the claimant has to prove that the defendant who has been arrested had been behaving anti-socially. One limitation of Anti-Social Behaviour Orders is that they are seen as a solution after an individual commits an act of anti-social behaviour. Therefore Anti-Social Behaviour Orders are designed to punish rather than to prevent anti-social behaviour in the first place. For example statistics show that young children aged between six and nine years old learn to behave anti-socially through imitating teenagers behaviours in their community who acts anti-socially. As this is clearly stated in the statistics, rather than waiting for this age group to be influenced by their elders and get issued an ASBO things like after school clubs can be encouraged to prevent those children from behaving anti-socially. On the other hand in the statistics obtained it is indicated that anti-social behaviour orders are a successful solution in the sense that a teenager with an ASBO stays out of trouble and this reduces the youth crime rate. (Millie2009) This view has also been stated by the resident in areas affected by what is viewed as yobbish and anti-social behaviour. They have reported improvements in their neighbourhood when Anti-Social Behaviour Orders have been issued to young people who have committed acts of anti-social behaviour. However issuing an Anti-Social Behaviour Order to a teenager who behaves anti-socially leads them to be labelled in their community as a trouble maker. In some sense this prevents the individual to engage in with their daily life (Home Office 2008). In very few situations the individual who have been issued an Anti-Social Behaviour Order wants to improve their standard of life. In most situations the ASBO seems to have a big and long term impact on the young individuals lives. For example according to the survey of youth offending teams issuing an Anti-Social Behaviour Order to the young individual who behaves anti-socially leads them to have mental disorder problems such as depression, suicidal problems and personality disorder. The individual who has given an Anti-Social Behaviour Order goes into depression because they cannot carry on living as they used. On the other hand other some young individuals who behave anti-socially see getting an ASBO as an honour badge. So a young pers on who has an ASBO is pursued as having a higher rank in their what is so called gang by their friends. When talking about todays society media plays a big role, and like most of the issues that concern general public, media highly affects peoples views regarding teenagers who are behaving anti-socially( Clarke 2003). This can be linked with the theory of labelling and stereotyping. The news regarding anti-social behaviour is pursued by the media subjectively rather than objectively. These subjective views are then passed onto the public through media organs such news. For example the media puts across the view that most youngsters who behave anti-socially are children who have a working class background. When this view is stated in the media it leads to stereotyping of all the working class youngsters. Pursuing this particular group as trouble makers leads them to not being given equal chances in life when compared with youngsters who are not included in this stereotyping. This is where the strain theory comes in (Treadwell 2006).The strain theory suggests that the crime is the result of individuals being blocked in terms of mainstream society from reaching certain goals and under the consequent strain they seek deviant or criminal ways to reach those goals. In a way it would fair to say that, these stereotyping views of the society leads young individuals to commit acts of anti-social behaviour. Another criticism of the Anti-social Behaviour Order is that these orders have introduced many new criminal offences. More criminal offences mean that young individuals are more likely to commit criminal offences (Squires 2008). However it is noted in the drafting of the Anti-social Behaviour Order Bill that getting only one ASBO issued for an individual does not mean they get a criminal record. This can be scored as a good point for the Anti-social behaviour Order scheme, as criminalising young people just for a minor offence will mean, they will have a bad criminal record all their lives. However if the terms of the Anti-Social Behaviour Order is broken then the individual faces a criminal conviction which can result in with an up to five years of imprisonment. One of the few positive perceptions towards the Anti-social Behaviour Orders is that they do not cost the government too much. For example if an individual who had committed an act of anti-social behaviour was to be tried and convicted by the courts instead of taking proceedings to issue an Anti-Social Behaviour Order this would cause the government to waste more of their budget on youngsters who are behaving anti-socially.(Knepper 2007) For example after the young individual was sentenced and sent into the prison, there would be additional costs to keep them in the jail such as to provide food for them. Another strength of the Anti-social Behaviour Orders is that some people see them as a fast and efficient system to resolve anti-social behaviour in the community. On the other hand others believe that Anti-social Behaviour Orders on their own is not enough to prevent a youngster from re-offending. A more effective move towards anti-social behaviour can be taken through multi-agency approach. For example once an individual is issued an Anti-social Behaviour Order they should also be sent to rehabilitation programmes to make sure that they do not re-offend. Along side of this they should be sent to do community work to improve these young people perceptions and the way they see the world. Sending these young offenders to do community work will also improve their relationships with other individuals from the community and this might be a more permanent solution than just issuing an Anti-social Behaviour Order. Although there are some positive sides to the Anti-social Behaviour Orders, it can be concluded there are more negative sides to it. Therefore it would be right to conclude that the scheme of Anti-social Behaviour Orders needs a serious reform, in order to resolve the problem of highly rising anti-social behaviour rate. Home Office (2008) Anti-Social Behaviour [online] available from http://www.asb.homeoffice.gov.uk/uploadedFiles/Members_site/Documents_and_images/About_ASB_general/EconSocialCostASB_0142.pdf [10 July2010] Clarke .D (2003) Pro-social and anti-social behaviour .Routledge Squires P. (2008) ASBO nation: the criminalisation of nuisance The Policy Press .London Knepper .P (2007) Criminology and social policy Sage London Millie .A (2009) Anti-Social Behaviour .McGraw-Hill McEvoy.K, Newburn.T (2003) Criminology, conflict resolution and restorative justice .Palgrave Macmillan Walklate. S (2007) Understanding criminology: current theoretical debates .McGraw-Hill International Knepper. P, Doak. J, Shapland .J(2009) Urban crime prevention, surveillance, and restorative justice: effects of social technologies Crc Press London Treadwell .J (2006) Criminology , Sage London

Essay on Exploring Death in Death in Venice -- Death in Venice Essays

Exploring Death in Death in Venice      Ã‚  Ã‚   Death in Venice by Thomas Mann, is a story that deals with mortality on many different levels. There is the obvious physical death by cholera, and the cyclical death in nature: in the beginning it is spring and in the end, autumn. We see a kind of death of the ego in Gustav Aschenbach's dreams. Venice itself is a personification of death, and death is seen as the leitmotif in musical terms. It is also reflected in the idea of the traveler coming to the end of a long fatiguing journey.    It must also be noted there are no women in the story with prominent roles. The hero's wife is long dead and his daughter has been married and gone for many years. Any women in the story are merely in the background, unnamed and colorless-totally insignificant. Mann has purposely left them out because they are life givers, the symbol of fertility and birth. (The only one scene where women have an active role is in the degrading and violently promiscuous dream.) There are definite homosexual overtones evident almost from the moment Aschenbach sees Tadzio-the object of his obsession. By far the most important level of death appears in the crumbling of Aschenbach's life principles: the giving up and letting go of all those ideals that molded his character and had shaped his work and guided every aspect of his entire life. It is a complete handing over of oneself to all that was heretofore anathema to him. The mind, reason, rationality, and all that goes with it: service, dignity, and restraint all buckle and die-all fall in the wake of the onslaught of passion and chaos.    Dreams play a major role in the story, and, throughout the history of literature, sleep has often been consid... ...one can surmise perhaps Aschenbach's shade would then have been rowed across the Styx (in a black gondola), or more possibly he would have followed Tadzio's outwardly pointing finger and joined Poseidon's ranks, plunging "into an immensity of richest expectation" (75) seeking "refuge . . . in the bosom of the simple and vast" [ocean] (31). Gustav thought of the boy as Phaeax, one of the sea god's sons (29). He had seen this godlike creature "with dripping locks . . . emerging from the depths of sea and sky" (33).    What more fitting manner of leaving the earthly fray than by returning to "the birth of form . . . the origin of the gods" (33)? Works Cited Freud, Sigmund. Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis. Chps. 9, 14. Funk and Wagnalls New Encyclopedia Vol. 24, p. 388. Mann, Thomas. Death in Venice. 1911. New York: Vintage, 1958.   

Child Sex Abuse

Child Sexual abuse â€Å"All my childhood lived a dual life-when I was being abused, and the life when I wasn't. â€Å"-Harris leery, an Indian survivor of child sexual abuse, who had a tremendously shocking childhood. Whenever I think about his suffering, my soul starts to tremble with nauseating. For about 11 years of his life, he used to get raped in the place, what we call home; however†¦ For a 7 year old Harris, his home used to be worse than the hell whenever his soul used to be sucked by a Demented of his family.It's not only about Harris or Indian children; all around the world children have been victimized by inhumane abusers. â€Å"In JACK, 1 in 20 children have been sexually abused†-NSP. 18,91 5. This humongous number is the number of children sexually abused in 2012/2013 in England and Wales; imagine the number in the UK, Europe and the world. Think! May be, the person sitting next to you might was, is or going to be sexually abused. You, your friend or your family member might be one of them. Is this the modern world: the 21st century?I don't think so! These children are the future; and our future seems to be blemishing because these buds are put to sleep before they emerge and blossom as flowers. Help! Help! The children's soul screams but in the silence. Those little and pure minds are tortured, threatened and tormented till they give up. New research suggests children who are repeatedly abused, or are abused by a member of their immediate family, are at higher risk of attempting suicide in later life. Help these children. It feels nice.

Master Patient Index and Primary Keys

HSIS FALA09 Master Patient Index and Primary Keys The Master Patient Index (MPI) is an electronic medical record system for every patient registered in a health care organization. The MPI is stored in a database and contains a unique identifier, known as the Primary Key (PK). The PK is unique and identifies each record in the database. The MPI is considered the most important resource in a healthcare facility (AHIMA). The MPI will contain the core elements about a patient such as name, address, phone number, date of birth, gender, race, social security number, and the unique patient identification number (Merida). The MPI identifies all patients that have been treated in a facility or healthcare organization. The PK is the unique identification number associated with the patient. The PK allows a patient to be cross-referenced between different facilities within a healthcare system (AHIMA). Each time a patient visits a facility within the healthcare organization the registration system within the facility will look to the MPI for the patient information. If no record exists then one will be created at registration. Services obtained by the patient at each facility will now be linked to the MPI record using the PK (AHIMA). The MPI allows historical data about a patient’s care to be stored and later obtained. The MPI also allows access to information from any clinic, physician, laboratory, radiologist, medications, known allergies, referrals, billing, and accounts receivable with the use of the PK. The MPI allows for quick and accurate storage of a patient’s care. Quick access to a patient’s full medical history by a physician allows for better patient care (AHIMA). The MPI enables the health care organization to improve patient care through the integration of patient records and ensuring that all historical care information on each patient resides in one record. It also helps the health care organization to decrease costs through improved operational efficiency. Improved patient care, decreased costs, and improved operational efficiency make the Master Patient Index one of the most important resources in a healthcare facility. References American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA). (Dec. 2, 2009) Retrieved from http://www. ahima. org/ Johns, Merida L. , (2002). Concepts of Health Information Management. In S. Anderson (Eds. ), The _Health Information Management _Series (pp. 20-49). New York: Delmar.

Choices in Life Essay

Choices in life can be a very difficult thing. One decision in life can make or break your future. People can benefit from having many choices but having too many choices may also be bad. In the article â€Å"A Logical Choice† by Gary Belsky, he explains â€Å"They don’t realize that you can become paralyzed by too many choices and that increased options mean confusion.† (2) An important matter in life is the choice people have to make on where to attend college, what major you want to go into, and even enjoy the career you choose. Choosing the right college can be a difficult choice in someone’s life. Doing good in school can help someone’s decision on selecting a certain college. Every college is different and making the right choice is an important thing. Belsky states, â€Å"When it comes to choosing people are either maximizers or satisfiers.† (3) Maximizers will spend a lot of effort in searching for the top colleges for them to attend too. Satisfiers will try and find a college that is just good enough for them to do good in. When it comes to making a big decision, like choosing a college, it is always difficult making that decision by yourself. Finding someone to make that choice can always help, but you should always trust your own instincts. Trust your instincts and the right choice will come to you. When you make the decision to go to a certain college, it can help you get a good start in your career. College is the place that can help you start your career in the right direction. The career you choose makes your future the way it is. In order for you to be successful in your career, you need to go to the right college. Colleges have certain specialties they teach and choosing the right place can benefit you. Staying in college for a couple years can you help you be knowledgeable towards your career. College is just a place that helps you to become more successful for you to have a successful future and a stable life.

World History. The Mandate for Palestine is an historical League of Essay

World History. The Mandate for Palestine is an historical League of Nations - Essay Example It should be noted that the Mandate for Palestine was carried on by the United Nations after the League of Nations was dissolved. The precursor for the Mandate for Palestine was the speech by President Woodrow Wilson in January 8 1918. The speech on the fourteen points clearly outlined the issues that needed to be handled so that the war could end. The fifth point in Woodrow’s speech states that: A free, open ­ minded and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined (Woodrow, 1) This was meant to ensure that all colonial claims were sorted out and each country granted its sovereignty. President Woodrow believed that all the people in the world were partners of interest and justice had to be done to all. He believed that worl d peace could only be attained if the colonial claims were to be settled in a conclusive and impartial manner. In my opinion, the articles of the Mandate of Palestine did not effectively meet the fifth point of Woodrow Wilson Fourteen Points. A critical evaluation of the Mandate of Palestine indicates that the interests of Israel were given a higher priority than those of the Palestine people. Woodrow’s fifth point states that the demarcation of colonial boundaries was to be done in a free, open minded and impartial manner. Yet, Article 2 of the Mandate for Palestine states that â€Å"The Mandatory shall be responsible for placing the country under such political, administrative and economic conditions as will secure the establishment of the Jewish national home†. This implies that the establishment of the Jewish State was to be given a high priority. It would have been appropriate for the Mandate of Palestine to begin with an objective evaluating the Middle East issue with an open mind without having any bias towards the settling of the Israelites (Michale, 104). Also, the entire list of articles that make up the Mandate for Palestine does not mention the name â€Å"Arab†. This is a remarkable level of bias given the fact that the Arabs were already occupying parts of Palestine. The Mandate hence fell short of the impartiality threshold of recognizing all the affected parties in the dispute as equals. Essentially, the Mandate considered the Arab interests as secondary to those of the Jews. Woodrow’s fifth point envisioned that all the interests of the populations had to have equal weight and equitable claims of the government in question. Yet, it is apparent that the Arabs were given a raw deal. The twelfth point of Woodrow Wilson Fourteen Points states that: The Turkish portions of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an un doubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of an autonomous development, and the Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations under international guarantees. Woodrow envisioned that the Ottoman Empire which the Turks presided over should be split and administrative units formed according to the will of the people. In essence, it was clear that the different peoples of the Ottoman Empire had a right to self-determination which would only be guaranteed by giving them freedom. Although the Ottoman Empire was eventually split, the twelfth point was never achieved full. The main beneficiaries of the breakup of the Ottoman Em

Kellogg strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Kellogg strategy - Essay Example Kellogg’s Yogos, cookies and crackers like Kebbler Cookies, natural organic and frozen like Eggo and Loma Linda, and also specialty channels like Kebbler Graham Crackers Crumbs and Kellogg’s Stuffing Mix. It can be said that the company is currently successful in its marketing and production strategies since it was reported in its 2009 annual report that the company has exceeded the targets they have set. Shown in the following table is the summary of the net sales and net sales growth from 2006 to 2008. This shows that from 2006 to 2008 the net sales of the company are increasing significantly despite the reported economic problems worldwide. This goes to show also that people still rely on the food products of the company despite all the identified problems that affect the world and each and every household. The company operates in different countries worldwide and is highly visible and represented in the United States, United Kingdom, Asia-Pacific (including South Africa), and Latin America. The following table shows the net sales of the company in these geographic areas. The report shows that the United States is still the biggest market of the company while the Asia-Pacific is yielding the smallest net sales. It should be noted though that from 2006 to 2007 the net sales of the company across all these geographic areas is increasing significantly which shows that their promotion strategies are effective. They should however increase promotions and marketing in the Asia-Pacific since this is a potentially large market. The company continues to strive to better its products by improving each and every item that they market by providing support to its research and development department. There was an increase in financial support from 2007 ($179M) to 2008 ($181M) that shows the important role of the R&D for the company. As part of their strategy for growth, they continue to improve on their products and quoting their 2008 annual report â€Å"Our

Legal Monopoly in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Legal Monopoly in the USA - Essay Example Kaufmann and Francis (17) denote that a legal monopoly can take t government the form of a government monopoly. A government monopoly is whereby the state controls and owns a certain type of industry or production units. A good example of a government monopoly is the Postal Service of the US (USPS). This organization has a legal and exclusive right to deliver letters and mails to all the citizens of the United States. This is irrespective of any region they are in America. Kaufmann and Francis (19) also identify a government granted monopoly as an example of a legal monopoly. In this type of monopoly, the various interests of the private sector are protected from competition by laws of a state. Larson (26) denotes that activities of government granted monopolies are always constantly regulated for purposes of ensuring that they do not exploit their customers. Larson (27) goes on to denote that an example of a government granted monopoly is the patented inventions. Larson (29) defines a patent as an example of a limited monopoly, in which the holder of the patent is given an exclusive right to develop, sale, and use the patented invention for a particular period of time. The United States patent act lays out the regulations and the conditions to be met, for an individual to be given a patent right by the United States government. Originally, this law was enacted by the congress to protect the inventions of American inventors, and give them an exclusive right over the usage of their discoveries. This is contained in article 1, under section 8, and clause 8. Larson (32) goes on to denote that the main aim of granting patent rights is to encourage investors to invest their resources and time for purposes of building new discoveries and inventions which are useful to the country.  

Reflect on a challenge you overcame through persistence (650 words) Essay

Reflect on a challenge you overcame through persistence (650 words) - Essay Example I read the speeches of Socrates when I entered my tenth grade. It was then that i realized that I wanted to attain a speech ability like his through which i could persuade people as to what life really is about. In the tenth grade i tried competing in the debates organized by my school but i was not encouraged a bit by my parents or teachers. When i gave the auditions of my debate for the first time in school not a single stone was unturned in humiliating me by my class mates. It was then that i was quite discouraged and went into isolation for a few days to think as to if i could achieve my goal or not. However i did not lose hope and worked on my abilities to deliver speech. My aim was to participate in the debate competition as a leading participant but this aim was laughed upon by many of my class mates. In order to grasp better skills i had to sort out certain things which i lacked when delivering speeches. I suffered from the problem of stage fear and i had to cut off this prob lem first in order to deliver the speeches. To rectify this problem i started participating in activities which had audiences viewing it. The first option was of selecting different sports and participating in different activities so i could get strong in front of the audience. This greatly helped me in the field of debates as i learned to act in certain situations. After that my very next aim was to work on my debating skills. I began reading books and increased my vocabulary so i could write a better speech which would attract the audience. I learned the basics of debating through different lessons and i was successfully able to craft speeches. I delivered my speech in front of my friends and some of them praised it. This gave a boost to me so that i could compete in the next competition. I also got the encouragement of my parents and teachers after i rehearsed in front of them. I polished my skills of debating since i passed my tenth grade and was able to deliver in my next try. It was in high school that i tried for competing in debating again and this time the try was not wasted. I received a better appreciation from the crowd but still could not make up to the final participants. I erased my stage fear and learned to act in the situations of debates. It was here that the changing point of life had arrived. The teachers realized the potential in me and gave me a chance again in the last year of my high school. I learned skills from them and delivered well in the auditions. I was then qualified finally for the participants sent through my school. Although this was my first exposure to debates nationally i learned a lot from the event. I did not get to win from the event but my goal of being a debater was fulfilled. It was then that i made a platform for me to be a debater. After I passed my high school i participated in events which were outside the territory of my school and learned a lot. I have since become a debater with the right potential. My aim of becoming a debater only became successful after I went through a lot in my life. Persistence as said by Edison was the major source of success in my life. I have learned a lot through my experience and can now successfully achieve many of the aims that i had in

Preparedness Homeland Security 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Preparedness Homeland Security 2 - Essay Example The New York subway system is governed by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). It has 468 stations in its network. It has over 840 miles of track that service approximately 5.1 million passengers per week. In 2007, The New York subway system was ranked number 4 amongst the worlds transit system with a massive 1.563 billion riders per year. In 2009 subways cars were reported to travel 344.5 million miles per week with 8,279 miles per day being covered by 6,380 cars (Subways, p. 1). The subway system is massive and very vulnerable. A transportation system of this size is evidently significant to the operation of New York City on a day to day basis. This is an unfortunate acknowledgement that is apparent in terrorist attacks. Al-Qaeda associates openly plead guilty to plotting severe attacks on the Metropolitan subway system in 2009. The MTA: The MTA has had no reason in the past to afford special conditions on behalf of terrorism. The subway stations have had no need to sanction high end security to avoid bomb attacks. This ultimately makes an attack by suicide bombers an element of surprise. A surprise attack has the quality of being able to do massive amounts of damage with little resources. Being located underground is not a positive outlook when dealing with bomb threats. Bombs have the capacity to cause a massive collapse of the railway structures. Dependant on the type of explosive being used and where these explosives are located in the MTA system, there can be enough collateral damage to corrupt the entire underground network. The major issue that is presented with any public transportation is accessibility. Any local person can use the facilities at any given time. In the case of the New York underground railway terrorists are afforded a twenty-four hour gap to engage in any attack. They have access from any publicly available entrance during the process of each attack. They also have locations to choose from. This

Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain Essay Example for Free

Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain Essay â€Å"A pure natural friendship uncorrupted by social prejudice† In light if this comment discuss the relationship of Huck and Jim. Huckleberry Finn is a novel of the pastoral genre written by Mark Twain in 1885, a time when slavery was rampant. The novel follows the journey of the protagonist, a white boy named Huck Finn who coincidently begins a journey with a run-away slave Jim, filled with trials and tribulations. Although this may be a coincident the pair slowly form a relationship described as a friendship and others even go to the extent of describing it as father-son relationship. One of the many ways in which the friendship can be viewed is the fact that it is a pure and natural friendship as shown by Huck who claims he wouldn’t want to be â€Å"nowhere else but here† hence displaying the satisfaction and content he feels with the situation of being friends. However other aspects of the novel allow the reader to describe the friendship as corrupt rather than pure due to the way in which Huck refers to Jim by the use of the term â€Å"nigger†, an offensive term used by society to belittle black people. One of the central issues outlined by Twain in the novel is â€Å"Racism†. White people believed that they were superior and combined with superstition believed that black people were evil as a result black people were given very little rights. Huck holds these similar values which are presented when he refers to Jim as a â€Å"nigger† numerous times. In addition, the way in which Huck’s attitude and behaviour presented, consist of various elements of prejudice in which Huck feels he is far more intelligent and superior than Jim. Huck says â€Å"you can’t learn a nigger to argue.† The use of irony allows the reader to understand the view that white people held and how foolish the view was because in reality the argument presented by Jim in the first place is indeed stronger however due to society’s corrupt views Huck is influenced therefore he is unable to recognise the fact that Jim has a strong argument. Look more:  satire in huckleberry finn essay However, it has to be considered that Huck is still a young boy who has been brought up by the society which holds the view that white people a superior consequently, Huck has been socialised to act the way he is and referring to Jim as a â€Å"nigger† may just be the norm and not at all used in a criticising manner. Although Huck takes time to accept Jim, Twain constantly shows how Jim encourages the friendship and praises Huck by referring to him as a â€Å"de ole true Huck; the only white gentlemen.† Although Huck is a boy Jim refers to him as a gentleman, a description which increases Huck’s confidence and displays a relationship developing between the two. The fact that Jim is encouraging the friendship shows how he is emerging from society’s conventions as the norm would be to indeed act like a slave and not even considering pursuing any other sort of relationship apart from the known slave-master relationship. Huck’s attitude towards Jim is v ery similar to Pap’s. At the beginning of the novel Pap says â€Å"why looky here there’s a free nigger from Ohio- a mulatter, must as white as a white man† Pap refers to Jim as though he is an object of very low status or a meaningless object rather than actual human being. He considers himself to be of a very high status despite his drunkard and abusive nature. The way in which Twain represents Hucks tone of voice and attitude displays how he holds a similar ideology of the fact that white people are superior. He says â€Å"it was fifteen minutes before I could work myself up to go humble myself to a nigger† his tone of voice signifies his disappointment and half-heartedness in accepting the fact that he was wrong. He refers to Jim as â€Å"a nigger† which in itself shows how he feels regarding Jim. He refers to Jim as though he is an inanimate object who has no feelings and to be â€Å"humble† towards a nigger was a disgrace hence displaying the social prejudice that existed between the pair. However, due to the bildungsroman form of the novel, Huck undergoes a not just a physical journey but also a psychological journey in which he learns the true importance of friendship. Throughout the novel Huck is constantly facing an internal struggle another important focus of the novel. He is struggling to make a decision regarding Jim. Should he hand Jim over or go against societies conventions and protect and help his new friend. In the climax of the novel Huck is finally forced to make a choice and has to â€Å"decide, forever† and in the end decides to go against societies views of social prejudice and the extent of the decision he made is presented through his inner thoughts and ironically he feels that he will be shunned by his community accepts the fact that he’ll â€Å"go to hell† just for protecting Jim and accepting Jim as his friend. The catalyst for Huck’s decision was the sale of Jim back into slavery and as a result Hucks internal struggle finally meets an end and his search for his conscience ends therefore allowing the reader to understand that although their relationship may not have started out as a pure natural friendship, through the various adventures they faced finally come to an end. His decision to recognise Jim’s humanity is not shared by the rest of society. In conclusion, the relationship of Huck and Jim can be described as not an entirely pure natural friendship uncorrupted by society prejudices as Huck takes a physical and psychological journey consisting of many events all adding up to one big adventure that allows him to gain insight on the true meaning of friendship and loyalty.

Exploring visions of capitalism exits

Exploring visions of capitalism exits What is capitalism? Based on (Fulcher J 2004), capitalism is en essentially investment of money in the expectation of making profit. Thus, capitalism is a special social structure where both the selling and buying of commodities organized by capital dominate human economic activities. Capitalism has expanded in social relations of production, distribution and consumption. In this essay, Im going to talk about the several visions and also the terms of capitalism, also not forget how has the global capitalist systemevolved over the two centuriesà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ There are several types of visions of capitalism exits. Liberal vision means an economy with self-regulating market with free trade and no state will step in to interference. Marxian vision which expand global system but based on exploitation of workers by capitalists and liable to crisis as result of gap between total wages and value of goods and services. Schumpeterian vision stresses the role of entrepreneur investment and saving in order to gain profit and also over-investment in the market. Polanyian vision which is stresses utopian nature of free market and dependence on state intervention, leading to social strains to generate demand for state regulation. Lastly, Keynesian vision which is try to reach equilibrium below full employment levels. In order to keep the full employment, state has to put money into the economy to restore confidence and boost demand. According to (Makoto Itoh1988) merchant capitalism has grown about two and half centuries until the middle of the eighteenth century for the explosive expansion of world trade with the invention of new continent and worldwide sea routes. It is a term described by economist that an earliest phase in the development of capitalism. Based on ((Randy Hodson,Teresa A.Sullivan 2008), merchant capitalism grew not as a way to organized production but as a way to organize trade. (Fulcher J 2004) stated that merchant capitalism is the investment in order to generate huge profit by risk and long-distance trading ventures , and the profit is the result of scarcity and distance. Merchants have to made money by investing in goods that they sold at profit. According (Makoto Itoh1988) the beginning of seventeen century mercantilism appeared as bullionism, where silver and gold was treated as treasure. Thus, the growth of wealth was measured by accumulation of these metals which served as money. So, m ercantilist known the importance of manufacturing industries and foreign trade was the source of national wealth and treasure. After that, based on (Makoto Itoh1988) mercantilism turned to a typical police balance of trade system where the total nation balance of trade rather than the balance of each individual bargain was underlined. There is argument about state should export more goods than imported in order to let foreigners pay the bullion, and only raw materials that cant extract at home should be imported. Thus, subsidies for export and creation of monopolies among the trading companies in order to encourage home production of manufactured goods. Capitalism production is specific in commercial supplied inputs and outputs of production through the market. The whole production process is restructured with the economic rationality of capitalism, which price is described the relationships between input and output. The profit depended ultimately on workers so production itself becomes directly a source of capital growth, based on the commercial exploitation of surplus labor. According to( Fulcher J 2004), capitalist production is based on wage labor and a clear line of division and conflict emerges between the owners of capital, who own what Karl Marx called the means of production and those who sell their labor in exchange for wages. Means of production are those factories, tools and the machinery to create a product. A worker can sell his labor to capitalist for a wage in any activity or investment that will bring profit to a capitalist. For the example of cotton mills, apart from heavy machinery cost, wages were the main cost o f the company. So, Wages costs were minimized by replace less skilled and cheaper labor as work together with invention of technology made this possible. On other hand, Industrial capitalism required continuous work , based on (Fulcher J 2004), workers had become, as Marx put it wage slaves. Anarchic capitalism also known as liberalization market was the stage in 18th and early 19thcenturies when industrial capitalism made its breakthrough. It was anarchic because participants can seize and defend resources without regulation. Economist Murray Rothbard defined the term of anarchy society as one where there is no legal possibility of coercive aggression against the person or property of any individual. According to anarchic capitalism, the personal activities or economic activities would be regulated by private law rather than politics yet entrepreneurs competitors will provide law enforcement, courts rather than through taxation. Anarchic capitalism argued that society should based on the voluntary trade of private property and services which consists of money, consumer goods, capitals goods or land to maximize individual liberty and wealth. (Kaletsky ) stated that the ideology is clear that a capitalist system based on private property and profit was an elemental force of nature, governed by iron laws of economics that were as immune to human manipulation as a hurricane. The general beliefs of laissez-fair which dominant throughout this 150 year period is that economics and politics are two different areas in human activity and emotion that should remain different in the interest of economic and political progress. In anarchic capitalism what is important is the way of gain property without roadblock from the compulsory state and the most economically beneficial is through voluntary trade rather than government intervention. Government intervention extensively in the economy, essentially through high and var iable trade tariffs and excise taxes in order to raise revenues. Not only that, according to (Kaletsky) there were also used to favor influential industries or social interests such as textile manufacturers or yeoman farmers. Nevertheless, according to (Kaletsky), laissez-faire capitalism has been succumbed because of its internal contradictions just like what Marx had predicted before. Anarchist romantics repulsed, according to Keyness description suggested, one of the reason might be the revolutionary groups of 1880-1915 period that exceed achievements in their destructive political impact by terrorists of PLO or IRA. So, by 1914, free market capitalism was declining and the internal contradiction that identified by Marx were toward a systemic breakdown. In 1919, Keynes warning there will be an economic catastrophe foreshadowed. Then, financial earthquakes of hyperinflation in Weimar Germany and also Great Depression happened on 1930s. Based on (Kaletsky), during nineteenth-century politico-economic system was still in death throws and capitalism had become extinct so the system has to opt for reform. Managed capitalism which born out of the economic disaster in the interwar period was begin in second half of 19th century which thrived for roughly 40 years and came to its peak in 1970s. Thus, its the policies that Keynes had been recommending to British government. The (Fulcher J2004) stated that competition and market regulation declined as both sides of industry become more organized and as state management and control increased. One of the remarkable transformation occurred in the 1930s was the invention of government economist. According to (Kaletsky), the interactions between the government and market in anarchic capitalism has been consider incidental to economic activity and generally damaging to it as government need to raise revenues by tariffs and taxes for the main reason which is fighting war. So, landlord or manufacturers have to pay for tariffs to protect them for low-cost foreign competition. There is no one belief that the working of the market will be improved eve n there is intervention of Bank England in money market and also motivation of self-interests of City London or British finance to quell panics. According to (Kaletsky), Prime minister has described that the governments reaction to Keyness early proposal to lift the British economy out of Great Depression. The macroeconomic condition was transformed by collapse of global trade and industry in early 1930. As what stated in (Kaletsky), public outrage intensified over mass unemployment, the twin threats of socialist revolution and fascist dictatorship forced democratic politicians to engage with the economy in ways that classical economist had never imagined. Next, government been offered a freedom of action by the time gold standard has been breakdown. Then, based on economists and politicians that the upshot was that if unguided by government, capitalism was ruinously and unstable. The (Kaletsky) stated that a competent government will protect the public and also economy from unavoid able anarchy of free market. But from the 1960 onwards, economy crisis hit the world. Not only Britain but also other countries like Italy, France were facing inflation and even assassination from terrorism. Thus, breakdown of the international monetary system in 1971 leads a death blows and collapsed to manage capitalism. According to (Kaletsky), a lethal combination of high inflation and mass unemployment known as stagflation appeared in the economy. After the 1979 Iranian Revolution, capitalism in this period was faced the same problem as the early one in 1930s, it had to transform itself to survive or choose to become extinct. Why did managed capitalism collapsed is probably caused of corporatist institution couldnt work in the end, government had failed to regulate prices and incomes because the cooperation wasnt been engineered between unions and employers. Remarketized capitalism period happened on 1980s after the collapsed of managed capitalism and its revival of market forces. Thus, in 1981-1982,based on (Kaletsky) monetarism has been applied to tame of inflation by revival of free or competitive markets, prevent distorted by state intervention, always keep a capitalist economy in balance, producing efficient and rational outside ,including economic stability and full employment. What causes the crisis of capitalism in 1970s? Its the consequence of errors in monetary policy. Additionally, another reason of the great inflation and breakdown of Keynesian capitalism was probably the private enterprise hard to afford the high taxes, the militant unions they empowered and especially the Increase of powerfu l labor movement brings class conflict and pressure for income redistribution. Next, Keynesian full-employment built a natural tensions over the distribution of wagers and profit between workers and capitalists in the economic system. By the late 1960s, the top priority of government policy was maintain full employment then the labor militancy intensified to achieve the escalate demand so a postwar generation of workers had grown up. Thus, according (Kaletsky), companies felt confident to pay offers that were needed to stave off labor militancy and strikes. So inflation was created as result. Government has to restore discipline into the labor market in order to stop the inflation. So, government has to abandon full employment policies and also create condition to millions workers who going to lose their jobs. In 1943, self-destruction of Keynesian full-employment was predicted by economist and he was argued that due to the labor militancy and inflation, the solution will create a new crisis of capitalism and force the capitalism system to reinvent itself again. Lastly, based on ( Kaletsky ) the thirty years epoch started with Thatcherism in 1979 and ended with the crisis of 2007-2009.